{"id":15505,"date":"2025-12-11T15:27:12","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T07:27:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/seotest.qilumachinery.com\/?p=15505"},"modified":"2026-08-26T09:23:19","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T09:23:19","slug":"what-are-basic-parts-of-a-farm-tractor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/qilumachinery.com\/is\/blog\/what-are-basic-parts-of-a-farm-tractor\/","title":{"rendered":"Hva\u00f0 eru grunnhlutar landb\u00fana\u00f0ardr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hva\u00f0 eru grunnhlutar a Dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9l<\/a>?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A Farm dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9l er meira en bara v\u00e9l \u00e1 hj\u00f3lum \u00dea\u00f0 er fl\u00f3ki\u00f0 v\u00e9l sem samanstendur af m\u00f6rgum samtengdum kerfum. D\u00e6miger\u00f0 dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9l samanstendur af sj\u00f6 lykilkerfum: V\u00e9l<\/strong>, Sending<\/strong>, Undirvagn<\/strong>, V\u00f6kvakerfi<\/strong>, Power Take-Off (PTO)<\/strong>, St\u00fdrikerfi<\/strong>, og Rafkerfi<\/strong>. Hver \u00feessara gegnir mikilv\u00e6gu hlutverki \u00ed a\u00f0 framlei\u00f0a orku, f\u00e6ra dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lina, stj\u00f3rna stefnu og keyra \u00e1h\u00f6ld. Skilningur \u00e1 \u00feessum grunnhlutum getur hj\u00e1lpa\u00f0 rekstrara\u00f0ilum a\u00f0 framkv\u00e6ma betri vi\u00f0hald og leysa vandam\u00e1l \u00e1 \u00e1hrifar\u00edkan h\u00e1tt. H\u00e9r a\u00f0 ne\u00f0an, brj\u00f3ta ni\u00f0ur hvert helstu hluti \u00ed venjulegu tungum\u00e1li, \u00e1samt \u00e1bendingar um um\u00f6nnun og vi\u00f0hald.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hluti<\/strong><\/th>Virkni \/hlutverk<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
V\u00e9l<\/strong><\/td>V\u00e9lin er hjarta dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar og framlei\u00f0ir v\u00e9lr\u00e6nan kraft til a\u00f0 draga, lyfta og keyra \u00e1h\u00f6ld. N\u00fat\u00edma dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar nota venjulega d\u00edsilv\u00e9lar<\/strong> fyrir h\u00e1tt tog, eldsneytisn\u00fdtingu og endingu. Bens\u00ednv\u00e9lar finnast a\u00f0allega \u00e1 eldri e\u00f0a litlum dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum (\u00fe\u00e6r byrja hratt en hafa l\u00e6gra tog) og rafmagns-\/blendingarv\u00e9lar eru a\u00f0 koma fram \u00e1 fyrirfer\u00f0arl\u00edtilli e\u00f0a s\u00e9rger\u00f0um ger\u00f0um. Lykilv\u00e9lar\u00edhlutir innihalda eldsneytisflutningskerfi\u00f0 (innsprautut\u00e6ki, d\u00e6lur, s\u00edur), k\u00e6likerfi (geislav\u00e9l, k\u00e6liv\u00f6kvad\u00e6la) og smurkerfi (ol\u00eda, s\u00eda). Vi\u00f0hald \u00c1bending:<\/em> Skiptu um v\u00e9larol\u00edu og s\u00edur samkv\u00e6mt \u00e1\u00e6tlun, haltu k\u00e6liv\u00f6kvanum \u00e1 toppnum og hreinsa\u00f0u\/skipta reglulega um loft- og eldsneytiss\u00edur til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir slit og ofhitnun.<\/td><\/tr>
Sending<\/strong><\/td>G\u00edrskiptingin flytur afl fr\u00e1 v\u00e9linni til hj\u00f3lanna og PTO skaftsins. Hann gerir dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9linni kleift a\u00f0 hreyfa sig \u00e1 mismunandi hra\u00f0a og draga mismunandi \u00e1lag. Algengar ger\u00f0ir eru beinskiptir g\u00edrkassar, aflskutla (synchro-shuttle) g\u00edrkassar, vatnsst\u00f6\u00f0uskiptingar (HST) og st\u00f6\u00f0ugt breytilegar g\u00edrskiptingar (CVT). Til d\u00e6mis notar beinskiptur g\u00edrkassi k\u00faplingu og g\u00edrst\u00f6ng fyrir beina v\u00e9lr\u00e6na skiptingu, en vatnsst\u00f6\u00f0ukerfi notar v\u00f6kva\u00fer\u00fdsting til a\u00f0 breyta hra\u00f0anum mj\u00faklega \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 skipta um g\u00edr. Flestar dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar eru einnig me\u00f0 mismunadrif og lokadrifsg\u00edr: mismunadrifi\u00f0 skiptir afli \u00e1 afturhj\u00f3lin fyrir sl\u00e9ttar beygjur og lokadrifi\u00f0 auka endanlegt grip.
Vi\u00f0hald \u00c1bending:<\/em> Athuga\u00f0u g\u00edrskiptingu og v\u00f6kvastig reglulega, skiptu um v\u00f6kva\/s\u00edur \u00ed handb\u00f3kinni og stilltu k\u00faplinguna eftir \u00fe\u00f6rfum.<\/td><\/tr>
Undirvagn (Frame)<\/strong><\/td>Undirvagninn er bur\u00f0arvirki dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar sem sty\u00f0ur \u00f6ll \u00f6nnur kerfi. Hann h\u00fdsir v\u00e9lina, g\u00edrskiptingu, \u00e1sa, v\u00f6kvad\u00e6lu og strokka og fleira. Dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar mega nota undirvagn me\u00f0 fullri grind<\/strong> (\u00feungt, st\u00edfara) e\u00f0a a framalaus<\/strong> e\u00f0a h\u00e1lfgrind h\u00f6nnun (algengt \u00e1 sm\u00e6rri dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum, \u00fear sem v\u00e9lin\/g\u00edrskiptingin virkar sem hluti af bur\u00f0arvirkinu). Undirvagninn ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 standast miki\u00f0 \u00e1lag og titring \u00e1 sama t\u00edma og innri hlutar eru vernda\u00f0ir.
Vi\u00f0hald \u00c1bending:<\/em> Sko\u00f0a\u00f0u grindina fyrir sprungur e\u00f0a lausum boltum, s\u00e9rstaklega eftir mikla notkun. Haltu \u00fev\u00ed hreinu fr\u00e1 le\u00f0ju og rusli til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir t\u00e6ringu og skemmdir.<\/td><\/tr>
V\u00f6kvakerfi<\/strong><\/td>V\u00f6kvakerfi\u00f0 notar \u00fer\u00fdstiv\u00f6kva til a\u00f0 kn\u00fdja hle\u00f0slut\u00e6ki dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar, \u00feriggja punkta festingu, st\u00fdri og \u00f6nnur vi\u00f0hengi. \u00dea\u00f0 felur \u00ed s\u00e9r v\u00f6kvad\u00e6lu (kn\u00fain af v\u00e9linni), stj\u00f3rnlokar, strokka og l\u00f3n me\u00f0 s\u00edum. \u00deegar \u00fe\u00fa lyftir hle\u00f0sluf\u00f6tu e\u00f0a h\u00e6kkar festinguna er v\u00f6kvav\u00f6kvi d\u00e6lt \u00ed gegnum loka \u00ed strokka og breytir \u00fer\u00fdstingi \u00ed lyftikraft. Vi\u00f0hald \u00c1bending:<\/em> Athuga\u00f0u v\u00f6kva ol\u00eduh\u00e6\u00f0 og \u00e1stand oft. Skiptu um v\u00f6kva og s\u00edur me\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0l\u00f6g\u00f0u millibili. Sko\u00f0a\u00f0u sl\u00f6ngur, festingar og innsigli fyrir leka e\u00f0a skemmdir, \u00fear sem leki dregur \u00far afli og leyfir mengun.<\/td><\/tr>
Power Take-Off (PTO)<\/strong><\/td>PTO er drifskaft sem flytur v\u00e9larafl beint \u00ed ytri \u00e1h\u00f6ld, svo sem sl\u00e1ttuv\u00e9lar, balers e\u00f0a skr\u00fafur. Flestar dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar eru me\u00f0 margar PTO stillingar: a sending PTO<\/strong> \u00fea\u00f0 losnar \u00feegar \u00fdtt er \u00e1 k\u00faplinguna, a lifandi PTO<\/strong> \u00fea\u00f0 keyrir \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 k\u00faplingsa\u00f0ger\u00f0um og \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 PTO (IPTO)<\/strong> stj\u00f3rna\u00f0 af s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum rofa e\u00f0a lyftist\u00f6ng. Venjulegur PTO skafthra\u00f0i er venjulega 540 SN\u00daNINGA \u00c1 M\u00cdN\u00daTU<\/strong> e\u00f0a 1000 SN\u00daNINGUR \u00c1 M\u00cdN\u00daTU<\/strong> fyrir samsvarandi \u00e1h\u00f6ld. Vi\u00f0hald \u00c1bending:<\/em> Haltu PTO skaftinu og alhli\u00f0a samskeytum smur\u00f0um reglulega (td \u00e1 8 klukkustunda fresti). Nota\u00f0u alltaf PTO \u00f6ryggishl\u00edfina og l\u00e1ttu hana aldrei vera \u00f3varin. Athuga\u00f0u PTO drifbelti og k\u00faplingar (ef \u00feau eru b\u00fain) \u00e1 hverja \u00fej\u00f3nustu\u00e1\u00e6tlun.<\/td><\/tr>
St\u00fdrikerfi<\/strong><\/td>St\u00fdrikerfi eru tengi rekstrara\u00f0ila til a\u00f0 st\u00fdra og stj\u00f3rna dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9linni. \u00deetta felur \u00ed s\u00e9r st\u00fdri<\/strong> (venjulega v\u00f6kvast\u00fdri \u00e1 n\u00fat\u00edma dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum, sem au\u00f0veldar mj\u00f6g a\u00f0 beygja undir \u00e1lagi), the inngj\u00f6f<\/strong>, k\u00faplings- og bremsupedalar<\/strong>, g\u00edrskiptistangir<\/strong>, the \u00feriggja punkta festingarst\u00f6ng<\/strong>, v\u00f6kvakerfi fjarst\u00fdr\u00f0ra stanga<\/strong>, PTO \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6kurofi\/st\u00f6ng<\/strong>, og m\u00e6labor\u00f0st\u00e6ki. Aflst\u00fdri (v\u00f6kva e\u00f0a rafmagns) dregur \u00far \u00fereytu stj\u00f3rnanda og b\u00e6tir stj\u00f3rnh\u00e6fni. M\u00e6labor\u00f0i\u00f0 (hlj\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e6rabor\u00f0i\u00f0) s\u00fdnir sn\u00faningshra\u00f0a v\u00e9larinnar, eldsneytisstig, hitastig og vi\u00f0v\u00f6runarlj\u00f3s. Vi\u00f0hald \u00c1bending:<\/em> Haltu stj\u00f3rnt\u00e6kjum hreinum og smur\u00f0um svo \u00feau hreyfist frj\u00e1lslega. Stilla tengingar og bremsur eftir \u00fe\u00f6rfum. Sta\u00f0festu a\u00f0 m\u00e6lar og lj\u00f3s virka (skipta um perur e\u00f0a \u00f6ryggi ef bl\u00e1si\u00f0 er).<\/td><\/tr>
Rafkerfi<\/strong><\/td>Rafkerfi\u00f0 veitir afl til a\u00f0 r\u00e6sa v\u00e9lina, hlaupalj\u00f3s, skynjara og rafeindat\u00e6kni. Lykilhlutir innihalda rafhla\u00f0a<\/strong> (geymir upphafsorku), alternator\/rafall<\/strong> (hle\u00f0ur rafhl\u00f6\u00f0una og kn\u00fdr b\u00fana\u00f0 \u00feegar hann er \u00ed gangi), startm\u00f3tor<\/strong> (sveiflar v\u00e9linni), \u00f6ryggi\/bo\u00f0kassi<\/strong> (verndarr\u00e1sir) og rafl\u00f6gn. Rafeindat\u00e6kni um bor\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnar n\u00fa oft v\u00e9lastj\u00f3rnun, n\u00e1kv\u00e6mni b\u00faskaparskynjara og sj\u00e1lfvirkum st\u00fdrisa\u00f0ger\u00f0um. Vi\u00f0hald \u00c1bending:<\/em> Haltu rafhl\u00f6\u00f0unni hla\u00f0inn og hreinn. T\u00e6r\u00f0ar rafhl\u00f6\u00f0u\u00fatst\u00f6\u00f0var e\u00f0a bila\u00f0ur alternator getur komi\u00f0 \u00ed veg fyrir a\u00f0 r\u00e6sa. Athuga\u00f0u rafl\u00f6gn fyrir n\u00faning og trygg\u00f0u a\u00f0 lj\u00f3s virki. Skiptu um \u00f6ryggi e\u00f0a perur strax ef \u00fe\u00e6r bila.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hver af \u00edhlutunum h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan vinnur saman a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lina ganga. Regluleg sko\u00f0un og vi\u00f0hald skipta sk\u00f6pum. Til d\u00e6mis getur eftirlit me\u00f0 v\u00f6kvamagni (v\u00e9lol\u00edu, k\u00e6liv\u00f6kva, g\u00edrskiptingu og v\u00f6kvaol\u00edu) og skipta um slitnar s\u00edur komi\u00f0 \u00ed veg fyrir bilanir. A\u00f0 halda hreyfanlegum hlutum smur\u00f0um (eins og afl\u00fattaksskaftinu) og horfa \u00e1 \u00fer\u00fdsting og \u00e1stand dekkja mun einnig lengja endingu dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e9l 'The Power<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The v\u00e9l<\/strong> framlei\u00f0ir afli\u00f0 sem kn\u00fdr landb\u00fana\u00f0ardr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lina. \u00cd landb\u00fana\u00f0ardr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum er \u00feetta n\u00e6stum alltaf d\u00edsilv\u00e9l me\u00f0 miklum togi. D\u00edsileldsneyti hefur meiri orku\u00fe\u00e9ttleika, \u00feannig a\u00f0 d\u00edsilv\u00e9l getur framleitt meira tog vi\u00f0 l\u00e1gan sn\u00faning \u00e1 m\u00edn\u00fatu me\u00f0 betri sparneytni en bens\u00ednv\u00e9l. \u00d6flugir dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar nota oft 4 e\u00f0a 6 strokka d\u00edsilv\u00e9lar me\u00f0 for\u00fej\u00f6ppum til a\u00f0 auka afk\u00f6st. \u00deeir uppfylla einnig n\u00fat\u00edma losunarsta\u00f0la me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota s\u00e9rt\u00e6ka hvarfaminnkun (SCR) e\u00f0a \u00fatbl\u00e1stursloftr\u00e1sarkerfi (EGR). Lykilatri\u00f0i:<\/em> V\u00e9lin \u201ccranks skyggir \u00e1 hj\u00f3lin, v\u00f6kvakerfi\u00f0 og afl\u00fattaki\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  • Tegundir dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9la:<\/strong> Fyrir utan d\u00edsilol\u00edu geta sumar eldri e\u00f0a litlar dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar nota\u00f0 bens\u00ednv\u00e9lar. \u00deessar byrja hratt og hafa einfaldara vi\u00f0hald, en \u00fe\u00e6r skortir tog og eldsneytisn\u00fdtingu d\u00edsilol\u00edu. Rafmagns- e\u00f0a tvinnv\u00e9lar eru a\u00f0 koma fram \u00ed s\u00e9rh\u00e6f\u00f0um dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum me\u00f0 litlum krafti. \u00de\u00e6r bj\u00f3\u00f0a upp \u00e1 hlj\u00f3\u00f0l\u00e1ta notkun og enga \u00fatbl\u00e1stur, en eru ekki enn algengar \u00e1 dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum \u00ed fullri st\u00e6r\u00f0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • V\u00e9l hluti:<\/strong> Mikilv\u00e6gir hlutar v\u00e9larinnar eru eldsneytiskerfi\u00f0 (d\u00e6la, innd\u00e6lingart\u00e6ki, eldsneytiss\u00edur), k\u00e6likerfi\u00f0 (geislav\u00e9l, k\u00e6liv\u00f6kvad\u00e6la, hitastillir) og smurkerfi\u00f0 (v\u00e9lol\u00eda og ol\u00edus\u00eda). Loftinntakss\u00edur hreinsa lofti\u00f0 og \u00fatbl\u00e1sturskerfi\u00f0 deyfir h\u00e1va\u00f0a og getur fali\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00e9r losunarst\u00fdringu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Vi\u00f0haldsr\u00e1\u00f0:<\/strong> Breyttu ol\u00edu og ol\u00edus\u00edu v\u00e9larinnar samkv\u00e6mt \u00e1\u00e6tlun (venjulega \u00e1 100300 klukkustunda fresti). Skiptu um eldsneytiss\u00edu reglulega til a\u00f0 halda eldsneytissprautum hreinum. Skola\u00f0u k\u00e6likerfi\u00f0 og skiptu um k\u00e6liv\u00f6kva \u00e1rlega e\u00f0a samkv\u00e6mt handb\u00f3kinni. Athuga\u00f0u hvort leki s\u00e9 og skiptu um slitnar sl\u00f6ngur e\u00f0a belti. Hrein lofts\u00eda er s\u00e9rstaklega mikilv\u00e6g \u00e1 rykugum svi\u00f0um (athuga\u00f0u og skiptu um hana til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir slit \u00e1 v\u00e9linni.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    \u00c1 heildina liti\u00f0 veitir vel vi\u00f0haldi\u00f0 v\u00e9l \u00e1rei\u00f0anlegt afl til a\u00f0 pl\u00e6gja svi\u00f0, draga \u00e1lag og kn\u00fdja \u00e1h\u00f6ld \u00ed gegnum afl\u00fattaki\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Sending 'Sending Power to Wheels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    G\u00edrskiptingin er g\u00edrsamst\u00e6\u00f0an sem sendir v\u00e9larafl til hj\u00f3lanna og afl\u00fattaksins. \u00dea\u00f0 gerir \u00fe\u00e9r kleift a\u00f0 velja mismunandi hra\u00f0a og togstig til a\u00f0 passa vi\u00f0 a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00e1 vettvangi. Til d\u00e6mis veita l\u00e1gir g\u00edrar miki\u00f0 tog til a\u00f0 toga e\u00f0a miki\u00f0 \u00e1lag, en h\u00e1ir g\u00edrar leyfa dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9linni a\u00f0 fer\u00f0ast hra\u00f0ar \u00e1 vegum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Samkv\u00e6mt lei\u00f0beiningum um b\u00fana\u00f0 \u00e1 b\u00e6num, \u201cG\u00edrkerfi\u00f0 sendir v\u00e9larafl til hj\u00f3lanna og afl\u00fattaksins, sem gerir dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9linni kleift a\u00f0 hreyfa og reka b\u00faskaparverkf\u00e6ri \u00e1 \u00e1hrifar\u00edkan h\u00e1tt.\u201d<\/em> \u00cd reynd \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00feetta a\u00f0 skiptingin tengist \u00fattaks\u00e1s v\u00e9larinnar og er me\u00f0 g\u00edrsetti e\u00f0a g\u00edrd\u00e6lum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00dea\u00f0 eru nokkrar algengar sendingarger\u00f0ir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Handb\u00f3k (G\u00edr) Sending:<\/strong> \u00deetta notar k\u00faplingspedali og g\u00edrskiptist\u00f6ng. Stj\u00f3rnandinn velur g\u00edra handvirkt. Handvirkir kassar eru einfaldir og mj\u00f6g skilvirkir en \u00feurfa a\u00f0 gr\u00edpa og skipta undir \u00e1lagi. Margar upphafs- og nytjadr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar nota \u00feessa ger\u00f0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Rafmagnsskutla (Synchro-Shuttle) Sending:<\/strong> Afbrig\u00f0i af g\u00edrdrifi sem gerir k\u00faplingslausum tilf\u00e6rslum \u00e1 milli fram og aftur \u00e1 sama g\u00edrsvi\u00f0i. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 n\u00fdta v\u00f6kvak\u00faplingar, gerir \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e9r kleift a\u00f0 breyta um stefnu au\u00f0veldlega \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 stoppa. \u00deetta er hentugt fyrir hle\u00f0sluvinnu e\u00f0a verkefni sem krefjast t\u00ed\u00f0rar hreyfingar fram\/aftur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Hydrostatic (HST) Sending:<\/strong> Hugsa\u00f0u um \u00feetta sem \u201c v\u00f6kva sj\u00e1lfskiptingu. \u00dea\u00f0 notar v\u00f6kvad\u00e6lur og m\u00f3tora \u00ed sta\u00f0 g\u00edra. \u00de\u00fa stj\u00f3rnar hra\u00f0a me\u00f0 f\u00f3tpedali e\u00f0a st\u00f6ng og dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lin hreyfist mj\u00faklega \u00e1 hva\u00f0a hra\u00f0a sem er \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 skipta um. Hydrostatic drif eru vins\u00e6l \u00ed litlum til me\u00f0alst\u00f3rum dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum og dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum til a\u00f0 au\u00f0velda notkun.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • St\u00f6\u00f0ugt breytileg sending (CVT):<\/strong> CVT b\u00fd\u00f0ur upp \u00e1 stepless hra\u00f0abreytingar og heldur v\u00e9linni \u00e1 besta sn\u00faningi \u00e1 m\u00edn\u00fatu. \u00dea\u00f0 notar bl\u00f6ndu af beltum, hj\u00f3lum og oft rafeindast\u00fdringu. N\u00fat\u00edma h\u00e1g\u00e6\u00f0a dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar nota CVT fyrir n\u00e1kv\u00e6ma hra\u00f0ast\u00fdringu, eldsneytisn\u00fdtingu og sl\u00e9tta aflgjafa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Flestar dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar eru einnig me\u00f0 mismunadrif og lokadrif. Mismunadrifi\u00f0 skiptir afli \u00ed vinstri og h\u00e6gri afturhj\u00f3l, sem gerir sl\u00e9tta beygjur. Lokadrifsg\u00edrarnir (vi\u00f0 hj\u00f3lnafana) margfalda tog fyrir grip. Sumar dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar eru me\u00f0 mismunadrifsl\u00e6singareiginleika: a\u00f0 tengja \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00e6sir b\u00e6\u00f0i afturhj\u00f3lin saman \u00feannig a\u00f0 ef anna\u00f0 hj\u00f3li\u00f0 rennur (\u00ed le\u00f0ju, til d\u00e6mis), sn\u00fdst hitt enn. Eins og fram kemur \u00ed lei\u00f0beiningum i\u00f0na\u00f0arins, \u201cSum dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar eru b\u00fanar mismunadrifsl\u00e1sum til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir a\u00f0 hj\u00f3lin renni vi\u00f0 drullua\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Sending Vi\u00f0hald:<\/em> Athuga\u00f0u g\u00edrsmur\u00f0arstig eins og tilgreint er og leita\u00f0u a\u00f0 m\u00e1lm\u00f6gnum. Ef \u00fe\u00fa ert b\u00fainn s\u00edu skaltu skipta um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00e1\u00e6tlun. Stilla k\u00faplinguna fr\u00edspilun og tengingu \u00feannig a\u00f0 k\u00faplingin tengist a\u00f0 fullu\/aftengist. For\u00f0astu ofhitnun me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 renna ekki k\u00faplingunni og me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3nusta g\u00edrv\u00f6kvann reglulega (margir rekstrara\u00f0ilar skipta um g\u00edrskiptingu\/vatnsst\u00f6\u00f0uv\u00f6kva \u00e1 5001000 klukkustunda fresti e\u00f0a \u00e1rlega, en fylgdu \u00e1\u00e6tlun framlei\u00f0anda).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"
      <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Undirvagn 'The Structural Frame<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      The undirvagn<\/strong> (e\u00f0a ramma) er bur\u00f0ar\u00e1s dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar. \u00dea\u00f0 sty\u00f0ur v\u00e9lina, g\u00edrskiptingu, \u00e1sa, v\u00f6kva \u00edhluti og jafnvel st\u00fdrish\u00fas rekstrara\u00f0ila. \u00cd meginatri\u00f0um, \u201c undirvagninn \u00fej\u00f3nar sem heildarstu\u00f0ningur fyrir dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lina og sty\u00f0ur \u00f6ll v\u00e9lr\u00e6n og v\u00f6kvakerfi.\u201d<\/em>. Traustur undirvagn \u00feolir a\u00f0 beygja og sn\u00faa undir miklu \u00e1lagi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      A\u00f0ger\u00f0ir undirvagnsins eru:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Holding hluti:<\/strong> \u00dea\u00f0 h\u00fdsir v\u00e9l, g\u00edrkassa, v\u00f6kvad\u00e6lu og strokka, \u00e1sa og a\u00f0ra helstu hluta.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Styrkur streita:<\/strong> \u00dea\u00f0 er byggt til a\u00f0 bera \u00feung \u00e1h\u00f6ld og lifandi farm (eins og jar\u00f0vegur \u00e1 hle\u00f0slut\u00e6ki).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Vernd:<\/strong> \u00dea\u00f0 verndar innri hluta fyrir steinum, rusli og minnih\u00e1ttar \u00e1rekstrum.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        \u00dea\u00f0 eru tv\u00e6r meginh\u00f6nnun: a undirvagn me\u00f0 fullri grind<\/strong> (algengt \u00e1 st\u00e6rri, \u00feungum dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum) sem notar st\u00edfa st\u00e1lgrind fyrir h\u00e1marksstyrk og a framalaus<\/strong> e\u00f0a h\u00e1lfgrind<\/strong> h\u00f6nnun (algengt \u00e1 dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum e\u00f0a dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum) \u00fear sem v\u00e9lin og skiptingin sj\u00e1lf eru hluti af bur\u00f0arvirkinu. Fullur rammi er endingarbetri en \u00feyngri. Framalaus h\u00f6nnun dregur \u00far \u00feyngd og getur gert dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lina l\u00e9ttari a\u00f0 framan fyrir minni jar\u00f0vegs\u00fej\u00f6ppun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Vi\u00f0haldsr\u00e1\u00f0:<\/em> Sko\u00f0a\u00f0u grindina reglulega fyrir sprungur, s\u00e9rstaklega n\u00e1l\u00e6gt su\u00f0u og festingarpunkta. Hertu alla lausa bolta (td \u00fe\u00e1 sem halda fenders e\u00f0a festingar). Haltu undirvagninum hreinum af le\u00f0ju, sem getur fali\u00f0 skemmdir og stu\u00f0la\u00f0 a\u00f0 ry\u00f0. Ry\u00f0v\u00f6rn og snertim\u00e1lning getur lengt l\u00edf rammans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        V\u00f6kvakerfi ' Powering Attachments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

        N\u00fat\u00edma dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar nota v\u00f6kvakerfi til a\u00f0 vinna miki\u00f0 af \u00feungu starfi s\u00ednu. v\u00f6kvakerfi<\/strong> flytur afl me\u00f0 \u00fer\u00fdstiv\u00f6kva til a\u00f0 lyfta \u00e1h\u00f6ldum, stj\u00f3rna hle\u00f0slut\u00e6ki\/baksk\u00f3r og a\u00f0sto\u00f0a vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 st\u00fdra. \u00cd einf\u00f6ldu m\u00e1li, v\u00e9lin kn\u00fdr v\u00f6kvad\u00e6lu, sem \u00fdtir v\u00f6kva \u00ed gegnum sl\u00f6ngur og lokar til v\u00f6kva strokka e\u00f0a m\u00f3tora. \u00deegar \u00fe\u00fa h\u00e6kkar \u00feriggja punkta festinguna e\u00f0a halla hle\u00f0sluf\u00f6tu, \u00fe\u00fa ert a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rna \u00fev\u00ed v\u00f6kvafl\u00e6\u00f0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Helstu v\u00f6kvahlutir eru:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • V\u00f6kvakerfi D\u00e6la:<\/strong> Kn\u00fai\u00f0 \u00e1fram af v\u00e9linni \u00fer\u00fdstir h\u00fan \u00e1 v\u00f6kvav\u00f6kva (m\u00e6ldur \u00ed l\u00edtrum \u00e1 m\u00edn\u00fatu, GPM).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • St\u00fdringarlokar:<\/strong> \u00deessir beinir v\u00f6kvar undir \u00fer\u00fdstingi \u00fear sem \u00feess er \u00fe\u00f6rf (lyftingarlokar, st\u00fdrislokar, fjarlokar fyrir festingar).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • V\u00f6kvakerfi Cylinders:<\/strong> Umbreyta v\u00f6kva\u00fer\u00fdstingi \u00ed l\u00ednulega hreyfingu (\u00feeir n\u00e1 til a\u00f0 lyfta e\u00f0a \u00fdta hluta). Til d\u00e6mis eru lyftiarmar hle\u00f0slut\u00e6kisins h\u00e6kka\u00f0ir me\u00f0 strokkum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • L\u00f3n og s\u00edur:<\/strong> Heldur v\u00f6kvaol\u00edu og s\u00edar \u00fat \u00f3hreinindi\/agnir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Algengar v\u00f6kvakerfi \u00e1 dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9l: kn\u00fdja framhle\u00f0slut\u00e6ki<\/strong>, gr\u00f6fu<\/strong>, \u00feriggja punkta festing a\u00f0 aftan<\/strong>, og st\u00fdrikerfi. Margar dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar eru me\u00f0 eitt e\u00f0a fleiri sett af fjarl\u00e6gar v\u00f6kvak\u00fapur<\/strong> \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fa getur tengt v\u00f6kvam\u00f3tora \u00e1 \u00e1h\u00f6ldum (td v\u00f6kvad\u00e6lu a\u00f0 aftan e\u00f0a bj\u00e1lkaskiptari). Eins og einn lei\u00f0arv\u00edsir bendir \u00e1, veitir v\u00f6kvakerfi\u00f0 afl fyrir hle\u00f0slut\u00e6ki, baksk\u00f3r og \u00feriggja punkta \u00e1h\u00f6ld og veitir einnig sl\u00e9tt st\u00fdri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Vi\u00f0haldsr\u00e1\u00f0:<\/em> Geymi\u00f0 v\u00f6kvaol\u00edu \u00e1 r\u00e9ttu stigi og athuga\u00f0u hvort mj\u00f3lkurkennd \u00fatlit s\u00e9 (sem gefur til kynna mengun k\u00e6liv\u00f6kva). Skiptu um v\u00f6kvas\u00edur \u00e1 \u00e1\u00e6tlun. Leita\u00f0u a\u00f0 leka vi\u00f0 sl\u00f6ngutengingar, strokka\u00fe\u00e9ttingar og festingar (margir b\u00e6ndur gera \u00feetta \u00e1rlega e\u00f0a \u00e1 500 klukkustunda fresti). Einnig bl\u00e6\u00f0a loft \u00far kerfinu eftir \u00fej\u00f3nustu. \u00cd k\u00f6ldu ve\u00f0ri skaltu nota vetrarol\u00edu ef \u00fe\u00f6rf krefur fyrir r\u00e9tta seigju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Power Take-Off (PTO) \u201e\u00f6kuframkv\u00e6mdir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          The Power Take-Off (PTO)<\/strong> er sn\u00faningsskaft (venjulega aftan \u00e1 dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9linni) sem flytur v\u00e9larafl yfir \u00e1 ytri \u00e1h\u00f6ld. \u00datf\u00e6rslur eins og sl\u00e1ttuv\u00e9lar, balers, skr\u00fafur, chippers og kornvagnar<\/strong> treystu oft \u00e1 afl aflgjafa. Eins og einn framlei\u00f0andi bendir \u00e1, \u201cThe PTO flytur v\u00e9larafl til ytri b\u00fana\u00f0ar dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar, svo sem sl\u00e1ttuv\u00e9lar, balers og skr\u00fafur.\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar hafa venjulega mismunandi PTO stillingar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • Sending PTO:<\/strong> \u00deessi tegund er tengd \u00ed gegnum g\u00edrskiptingu og h\u00e6ttir a\u00f0 sn\u00faast \u00feegar \u00fdtt er \u00e1 k\u00faplinguna. \u00dea\u00f0 er algengt \u00e1 eldri dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Lifandi PTO (Real-Time PTO):<\/strong> Starfar \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 g\u00edrskiptingu. \u00dea\u00f0 heldur \u00e1fram a\u00f0 sn\u00faast jafnvel \u00feegar dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lin er st\u00f6\u00f0vu\u00f0 e\u00f0a k\u00faplingunni er \u00fdtt \u00e1. Gagnlegt fyrir \u00e1kve\u00f0nar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir \u00fear sem \u00fe\u00fa vilt a\u00f0 t\u00e6ki\u00f0 gangi \u00e1 me\u00f0an dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lin er st\u00f6\u00f0vu\u00f0 e\u00f0a beygir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u00d3h\u00e1\u00f0 PTO (IPTO):<\/strong> Fulllega stj\u00f3rna\u00f0 af s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum rofa e\u00f0a lyftist\u00f6ng \u00ed st\u00fdrish\u00fasinu. Rekstrara\u00f0ili getur r\u00e6st\/st\u00f6\u00f0va\u00f0 afl\u00fattaki\u00f0 eftir bei\u00f0ni, \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 a\u00f0alk\u00faplingunni e\u00f0a g\u00edrstillingunum.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Venjulegur PTO skafthra\u00f0i er venjulega 540 SN\u00daNINGA \u00c1 M\u00cdN\u00daTU<\/strong> e\u00f0a 1000 SN\u00daNINGUR \u00c1 M\u00cdN\u00daTU<\/strong>, sem samsvarar \u00fev\u00ed hversu oft skafti\u00f0 sn\u00fdst \u00e1 m\u00edn\u00fatu \u00e1 tilteknum v\u00e9larhra\u00f0a. 540 RPM er algengast og virkar fyrir flest \u00e1h\u00f6ld, en 1000 RPM er nota\u00f0 af \u00feungum b\u00fana\u00f0i sem \u00fearf meira afl (eins og st\u00f3rir balers e\u00f0a tr\u00e9 chippers).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u00d6ryggissk\u00fdring:<\/em> Nota\u00f0u alltaf PTO skj\u00f6ldinn (hl\u00edfina) \u00feegar t\u00e6ki er fest. Fl\u00e6kja \u00ed \u00f3vari\u00f0 PTO skaft er alvarleg h\u00e6tta. Gakktu \u00far skugga um a\u00f0 \u00f6ryggislyklar og hl\u00edfar s\u00e9u til sta\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Vi\u00f0haldsr\u00e1\u00f0:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • Smyrja og smyrja:<\/strong> Smyrji\u00f0 PTO skafti\u00f0 splines og alhli\u00f0a samskeyti me\u00f0 reglulegu millibili (til d\u00e6mis eftir hverja 8 klukkustunda notkun). \u00deetta kemur \u00ed veg fyrir slit og au\u00f0veldar a\u00f0 festa \u00e1h\u00f6ld.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Athuga\u00f0u PTO k\u00faplingu:<\/strong> \u00c1 dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum me\u00f0 n\u00faningsk\u00faplingu fyrir afl\u00fattaki\u00f0 skaltu stilla og \u00fej\u00f3nusta \u00fea\u00f0 eins og m\u00e6lt er fyrir um.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Sko\u00f0a\u00f0u skaft og legur:<\/strong> Athuga\u00f0u reglulega PTO drifskafti\u00f0 fyrir beyg\u00f0a hluta e\u00f0a slitnar splines. Skiptu um allar u-li\u00f0ir sem s\u00fdna leik e\u00f0a ry\u00f0.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Sendingarv\u00f6kvi:<\/strong> Ef \u00fe\u00fa notar g\u00edrkn\u00fana PTO skaltu halda g\u00edrkassav\u00f6kvanum hreinum og \u00e1 j\u00f6fnum vettvangi, \u00fear sem PTO hle\u00f0slur deila drifr\u00e1s dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              St\u00fdrikerfi 'St\u00fdrivi\u00f0m\u00f3t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              St\u00fdrikerfi eru hvernig \u00f6kuma\u00f0ur stj\u00f3rnar dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9linni. \u00deau innihalda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • St\u00fdrikerfi:<\/strong> Flestar dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar nota v\u00f6kvast\u00fdring<\/strong> til a\u00f0 draga \u00far \u00feeirri fyrirh\u00f6fn sem \u00fearf til a\u00f0 sn\u00faa hj\u00f3lunum, s\u00e9rstaklega undir \u00e1lagi. Sumar dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar eru enn me\u00f0 handst\u00fdringu (algengt \u00e1 litlum, eldri ger\u00f0um). N\u00fat\u00edmah\u00f6nnun getur einnig nota\u00f0 rafa\u00f0sto\u00f0arst\u00fdri. Aflst\u00fdri dregur ekki a\u00f0eins \u00far \u00fereytu heldur b\u00e6tir einnig \u00f6ryggi og n\u00e1kv\u00e6mni.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Stj\u00f3rnandi St\u00fdringar:<\/strong> \u00deetta n\u00e6r yfir allar stangir og pedala sem \u00f6kuma\u00f0ur notar: inngj\u00f6f, k\u00faplingu, bremsupedala, g\u00edrskiptingu, bakr\u00fattst\u00f6ng og 3 punkta festingarst\u00f6ng. Fjarl\u00e6g v\u00f6kvast\u00fdringart\u00e6ki og s\u00e9rstakt s\u00e9rstakt PTO \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku rofi<\/strong> e\u00f0a lyftist\u00f6ng r\u00e6sir\/stoppar afl afl. M\u00e6labor\u00f0i\u00f0 inniheldur m\u00e6la og lj\u00f3s fyrir sn\u00faningshra\u00f0a v\u00e9larinnar, eldsneytisstig, hitastig v\u00e9larinnar, ol\u00edu\u00fer\u00fdsting osfrv.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • T\u00e6ki og rafeindat\u00e6kni:<\/strong> N\u00fdrri dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar eru me\u00f0 rafr\u00e6num v\u00e9lst\u00fdringum, GPS-m\u00f3ttakara og snertiskj\u00e1skj\u00e1m. Hlj\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e6ri eins og sn\u00faningshra\u00f0am\u00e6lir (RPM-m\u00e6lir), eldsneytism\u00e6lir og vi\u00f0v\u00f6runarlj\u00f3s uppl\u00fdsa stj\u00f3rnandann um st\u00f6\u00f0u dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                Vi\u00f0haldsr\u00e1\u00f0:<\/em> Haltu stj\u00f3rntengingum og sn\u00faningum l\u00e9tt smur\u00f0 svo \u00feau hreyfist vel. Sta\u00f0festu a\u00f0 st\u00fdriv\u00f6kvi s\u00e9 fyllt upp og st\u00fdrish\u00f3lkurinn er lekalaus. Hreinsa\u00f0u m\u00e6labor\u00f0i\u00f0 og athuga\u00f0u hvort allir rofar, lj\u00f3s og m\u00e6lar virki r\u00e9tt. Kvar\u00f0a e\u00f0a gera vi\u00f0 rafeindast\u00fdringar samkv\u00e6mt lei\u00f0beiningum framlei\u00f0anda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Rafkerfi fyrir r\u00e6singu og rafeindat\u00e6kni<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                The rafkerfi<\/strong> kn\u00fdr allt fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 r\u00e6sa v\u00e9lina til hlaupalj\u00f3sa og n\u00fat\u00edma rafeindat\u00e6kni. \u00cd meginatri\u00f0um veitir \u00fea\u00f0 safa sem \u00fearf til a\u00f0 kveikja, l\u00fdsa, skynjara og fleira. Eins og einn t\u00e6knilegur lei\u00f0arv\u00edsir or\u00f0ar \u00fea\u00f0, \u201cRafkerfi dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar gegnir mikilv\u00e6gu hlutverki \u00ed rekstri hennar...Fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 v\u00e9lin byrjar a\u00f0 l\u00fdsa og merkja, \u00feetta kerfi er einnig \u00e1byrgt fyrir auka drif, afl flugtak og eftirlitskerfi.\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Helstu rafmagns hluti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • Rafhla\u00f0a: Rafhla\u00f0a:<\/strong> Rafhla\u00f0an geymir raforku til a\u00f0 r\u00e6sa v\u00e9l dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar og til a\u00f0 keyra rafmagns\u00e1lag \u00feegar sl\u00f6kkt er \u00e1 v\u00e9linni. Heilbrig\u00f0 rafhla\u00f0a hefur n\u00e6ga kaldsveifla magnara (CCA) til a\u00f0 sn\u00faa r\u00e6sirinn. Vi\u00f0hald rafhl\u00f6\u00f0unnar felur \u00ed s\u00e9r a\u00f0 halda skautunum hreinum og \u00fe\u00e9ttum og tryggja a\u00f0 rafhla\u00f0an haldist hla\u00f0in.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Alternator (Generator):<\/strong> \u00deegar v\u00e9lin gengur, hle\u00f0ur alternator rafhl\u00f6\u00f0una og veitir orku til allra raft\u00e6kja. \u00dea\u00f0 breytir v\u00e9lr\u00e6nni orku \u00ed rafmagn. Slitinn alternator e\u00f0a laust drifbelti getur valdi\u00f0 daufum lj\u00f3sum e\u00f0a dau\u00f0ri rafhl\u00f6\u00f0u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Starter m\u00f3tor:<\/strong> H\u00e1straumur rafm\u00f3tor sem sveiflast \u00ed v\u00e9linni \u00feegar \u00fe\u00fa sn\u00fdr\u00f0 lyklinum e\u00f0a \u00fdtir \u00e1 hnappinn. Hann dregur afl fr\u00e1 rafhl\u00f6\u00f0unni til a\u00f0 sn\u00faa svifhj\u00f3linu \u00fear til v\u00e9lin fer \u00ed gang.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u00d6ryggi og li\u00f0a:<\/strong> \u00d6ryggi kassi verndar hringr\u00e1s me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 brj\u00f3ta tengingu ef \u00fea\u00f0 er of miki\u00f0 straumur. Einnig eru li\u00f0ir sem stj\u00f3rna h\u00e1r-straum hringr\u00e1s. Reglulega athuga og skipta bl\u00e1si\u00f0 \u00f6ryggi er einfalt en mikilv\u00e6gt verkefni.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Wiring Harness:<\/strong> Allir einangru\u00f0u v\u00edrarnir sem tengja rofa, skynjara, lj\u00f3s og gr\u00e6jur. Haltu rafl\u00f6gnum r\u00e9tt og for\u00f0astu n\u00faning til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir stuttbuxur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Hlj\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e6ri og lj\u00f3s:<\/strong> \u00deetta felur \u00ed s\u00e9r framlj\u00f3s, afturlj\u00f3s, vinnulj\u00f3sker og m\u00e6labor\u00f0 m\u00e6la (hra\u00f0am\u00e6lir, eldsneyti, hitastig osfrv.). Gott skyggni og n\u00e1kv\u00e6mar v\u00edsbendingar eru mikilv\u00e6gar fyrir \u00f6rugga notkun.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  Vi\u00f0haldsr\u00e1\u00f0:<\/em> Reglulega hreinsa og her\u00f0a rafhl\u00f6\u00f0ur sn\u00faru tengingar; t\u00e6ring \u00e1 skautanna hindrar byrjun. Athuga\u00f0u a\u00f0 alternator belti er r\u00e9tt spennt og \u00ed g\u00f3\u00f0u \u00e1standi. Sannreyna a\u00f0 lj\u00f3s og v\u00edsbendingar allir vinna (skipta um perur e\u00f0a \u00f6ryggi eftir \u00fe\u00f6rfum). Haltu rafhl\u00f6\u00f0unni fullhla\u00f0in, s\u00e9rstaklega ef dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lin situr a\u00f0ger\u00f0alaus \u00ed langan t\u00edma. \u00c1 veturna, tryggja a\u00f0 rafhla\u00f0an s\u00e9 einangru\u00f0 e\u00f0a skipt yfir \u00ed kalt ve\u00f0ur ger\u00f0 ef \u00fe\u00f6rf krefur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 halda rafkerfinu \u00ed toppformi tryggir \u00fe\u00fa a\u00f0 dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lin byrji \u00e1rei\u00f0anlega og a\u00f0 allir m\u00e6lar og lj\u00f3s uppl\u00fdsi \u00feig n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega um \u00e1stand dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \"l\u00edtill
                  <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                  Samanbur\u00f0ur \u00e1 lykilhlutum<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                  Taflan h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan tekur saman hvern a\u00f0al\u00edhlut og a\u00f0alhlutverk hans. \u00dea\u00f0 er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 hvert kerfi hafi s\u00e9rstakt hlutverk, \u00fe\u00e1 vinna \u00feau \u00f6ll saman. Til d\u00e6mis veitir v\u00e9lin kraftinn sem skiptingin lei\u00f0ir s\u00ed\u00f0an til b\u00e6\u00f0i hj\u00f3lanna og afl\u00fattaksins. V\u00f6kvakerfi\u00f0 og afl\u00fattaki\u00f0 nota \u00fea\u00f0 afl til a\u00f0 kn\u00fdja \u00e1h\u00f6ld, en undirvagninn sty\u00f0ur allt. Stj\u00f3rn- og rafkerfi leyfa \u00fe\u00e9r a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rna og fylgjast me\u00f0 dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9linni \u00e1 \u00f6ruggan h\u00e1tt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  A\u00f0 halda hverjum hluta \u00ed g\u00f3\u00f0ri vi\u00f0ger\u00f0 h\u00e1markar afk\u00f6st og l\u00edft\u00edma. Til d\u00e6mis, a\u00f0 leyfa v\u00e9larol\u00edu a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a \u00f3hrein e\u00f0a l\u00edti\u00f0 af k\u00e6liv\u00f6kva getur ofhitna\u00f0 m\u00f3torinn. A\u00f0 keyra dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lina \u00e1 rifinni v\u00f6kvasl\u00f6ngu mun flj\u00f3tt ey\u00f0ileggja d\u00e6luna. L\u00e9lega vi\u00f0haldnar skiptingar (eins og a\u00f0 nota gamla ol\u00edu) geta runni\u00f0 undir \u00e1lag og valdi\u00f0 skemmdum. Reglulegt eftirlit og \u00fej\u00f3nusta \u201eeins og vi\u00f0haldsr\u00e1\u00f0in sem str\u00e1\u00f0 eru yfir 1. eru nau\u00f0synleg fyrir \u00f6rugga og skilvirka notkun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  FAQ<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                  Spurning: Hva\u00f0 er PTO og hvernig virkar \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9l?<\/strong>
                  A: A PTO, e\u00f0a aflflug<\/em>, er eki\u00f0 bol sem sendir v\u00e9lafl til ytri \u00e1h\u00f6ld. \u00deegar PTO er virkja\u00f0ur, sn\u00fdr v\u00e9l dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar PTO skaftinu \u00e1 \u00e1kve\u00f0num hra\u00f0a (venjulega 540 e\u00f0a 1000 RPM). Til d\u00e6mis, ef \u00fe\u00fa festir sn\u00faningssl\u00e1ttuv\u00e9l vi\u00f0 PTO, sn\u00faningur v\u00e9larinnar er fluttur \u00ed gegnum PTO til a\u00f0 sn\u00faa sl\u00e1ttuv\u00e9lunum. PTO gerir t\u00e6kjum eins og sl\u00e1ttuv\u00e9lum, balers, tr\u00e9 chippers og dreifar kleift a\u00f0 keyra me\u00f0 krafti dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar. \u00dea\u00f0 er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nota PTO \u00f6ryggishl\u00edfina og kl\u00e6\u00f0ast hl\u00edf\u00f0arfatna\u00f0i, \u00fear sem sn\u00faningsskafti\u00f0 getur veri\u00f0 h\u00e6ttulegt ef \u00fea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur fyrir \u00e1hrifum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Q: Hver er munurinn \u00e1 lifandi (\u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0) PTO og sending-drifinn PTO?<\/strong>
                  A: A sending PTO<\/strong> er beint bundi\u00f0 vi\u00f0 g\u00edrkassa dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar. \u00dea\u00f0 h\u00e6ttir a\u00f0 sn\u00faast \u00feegar \u00fe\u00fa \u00fdtir \u00e1 k\u00faplinguna e\u00f0a setur dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lina \u00ed hlutlausan. Aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti, a lifandi (e\u00f0a \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0) PTO<\/strong> er kn\u00fai\u00f0 \u00ed gegnum s\u00e9rstaka k\u00faplingu e\u00f0a v\u00f6kva v\u00e9lb\u00fana\u00f0ur, \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 getur veri\u00f0 \u00e1 jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lin h\u00e6ttir a\u00f0 hreyfa sig e\u00f0a k\u00faplingin er \u00feunglynd. \u00cd meginatri\u00f0um gefur \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 PTO \u00fe\u00e9r meiri sveigjanleika (til d\u00e6mis getur\u00f0u h\u00e6kka\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0u dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0va heyjafnara sem er festur vi\u00f0 PTO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Sp.: Af hverju nota flestar dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar d\u00edsilv\u00e9lar \u00ed sta\u00f0 bens\u00edns?<\/strong>
                  A: D\u00edsilv\u00e9lar eru \u00e1kj\u00f3sanlegar \u00e1 dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feeir framlei\u00f0a h\u00e6rra tog \u00e1 l\u00e1gum hra\u00f0a og nota eldsneyti \u00e1 skilvirkari h\u00e1tt. \u00cd b\u00faskap \u00fearftu oft sterkan togkraft (tog) frekar en h\u00e1hra\u00f0a, sem d\u00edsilv\u00e9lar skila. \u00deeir hafa einnig tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 vera endingarg\u00f3\u00f0ari og keyra lengur \u00e1 milli eldsneytis\u00e1fyllingar. Jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3 bens\u00ednv\u00e9lar byrji hra\u00f0ar, geta \u00fe\u00e6r ekki passa\u00f0 vi\u00f0 togkraft d\u00edsilol\u00edu og eldsneytissparna\u00f0 fyrir \u00feunga dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larvinnu. \u00deess vegna eru n\u00e1nast allar n\u00fdjar me\u00f0alst\u00f3rar og st\u00f3rar landb\u00fana\u00f0ardr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar d\u00edsilkn\u00fanar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Sp.: Hvernig eru vatnsst\u00f6\u00f0usendingar fr\u00e1brug\u00f0nar beinskiptingu?<\/strong>
                  A: Vatnsst\u00f6\u00f0ug\u00edrskipting (HST) notar v\u00f6kvav\u00f6kva til a\u00f0 senda afl, \u00feannig a\u00f0 hann virkar meira eins og sj\u00e1lfskiptur kerfi. \u00de\u00fa \u00fdtir einfaldlega \u00e1 pedali (e\u00f0a f\u00e6rir st\u00f6ng) fyrir fram\/aftur og hra\u00f0a, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 skipta um g\u00edr. Hann veitir sl\u00e9tta, stigalausa stj\u00f3rn \u00e1 hra\u00f0a. Beinskiptur g\u00edrkassi notar k\u00faplingspedala og prik til a\u00f0 tengja mismunandi g\u00edra l\u00edkamlega. Handvirkir g\u00edrkassar gefa almennt beinan v\u00e9lr\u00e6nan hlekk og oft betri afln\u00fdtingu, en \u00feeir krefjast \u00feess a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnandinn skipti um g\u00edr. HST g\u00edrskiptingar gera au\u00f0veldari notkun (fr\u00e1b\u00e6rt fyrir hle\u00f0sluvinnu e\u00f0a stj\u00f3rnendur sem eru n\u00fdir \u00ed dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum), en beinskiptir\/samkv\u00e6mar h\u00f6nnun eru mj\u00f6g algengar \u00ed dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum e\u00f0a dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum sem nota\u00f0ar eru nota\u00f0ar fyrir \u00feungur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Spurning: Hva\u00f0 er mismunadrifsl\u00e1s og hven\u00e6r \u00e6tti \u00e9g a\u00f0 nota hann?<\/strong>
                  A: Mismunadrifsl\u00e1s er eiginleiki sem l\u00e6sir afturhj\u00f3lum dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar saman \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00feau sn\u00faast \u00e1 sama hra\u00f0a. Venjulega gerir mismunadrif anna\u00f0 hj\u00f3li\u00f0 a\u00f0eins hra\u00f0ar en hitt \u00ed beygju. A\u00f0 virkja mismunadrifsl\u00e1sinn ney\u00f0ir b\u00e6\u00f0i hj\u00f3lin til a\u00f0 sn\u00faast saman me\u00f0 j\u00f6fnum krafti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u00deetta er gagnlegt \u00feegar eitt hj\u00f3l byrjar a\u00f0 renna (til d\u00e6mis \u00ed le\u00f0ju e\u00f0a \u00ed brekku); me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00e6sa \u00feeim mun hj\u00f3li\u00f0 sem ekki rennur halda \u00e1fram a\u00f0 toga. \u00de\u00fa notar venjulega diff-l\u00e1s \u00far kyrrst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00e1 sl\u00e9ttu j\u00f6r\u00f0u (\u00fdttu \u00e1 diff-lock pedali e\u00f0a lyftist\u00f6ng, fl\u00fdttu s\u00ed\u00f0an h\u00e6gt og r\u00f3lega. Nota\u00f0u aldrei diff-l\u00e1s \u00e1 h\u00f6r\u00f0um fl\u00f6tum \u00e1 hra\u00f0a, \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 getur skemmt drifr\u00e1sina. Fylgdu alltaf handb\u00f3k dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar til r\u00e9ttrar notkunar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Sp.: Hvers konar vi\u00f0hald \u00fearf rafkerfi dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9larinnar?<\/strong>
                  A: Venjulegar athuganir halda rafkerfinu \u00e1rei\u00f0anlegu. Lykilverkefni eru me\u00f0al annars: a\u00f0 athuga rafhla\u00f0a<\/strong> hla\u00f0a og halda rafhl\u00f6\u00f0u sn\u00faru skautanna hreinum; sko\u00f0a alternator belti<\/strong> fyrir spennu og slit; og sannreyna \u00fea\u00f0 allt lj\u00f3s og m\u00e6lar<\/strong> vinna (skipta um perur e\u00f0a \u00f6ryggi um lei\u00f0 og \u00feau bila). Til \u00f6ryggisb\u00fana\u00f0ar, sta\u00f0festu a\u00f0 PTO v\u00edsir, ol\u00edu-\u00fer\u00fdstingslj\u00f3s og \u00f6nnur vi\u00f0v\u00f6runarlj\u00f3s kvikna og sl\u00f6kkva r\u00e9tt vi\u00f0 gangsetningu. Vi\u00f0 notkun skal athuga alternator og r\u00e6sir m\u00f3tor (leita a\u00f0 \u00f3venjulegum h\u00e1va\u00f0a e\u00f0a afk\u00f6stum).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \u00cd k\u00f6ldu loftslagi, tryggja a\u00f0 rafhla\u00f0an s\u00e9 n\u00f3gu sterk til a\u00f0 sveifla v\u00e9linni \u00ed l\u00e1gum hita. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 halda rafhl\u00f6\u00f0unni hla\u00f0inn og rafl\u00f6gn \u00f3snortinn, tryggir \u00fe\u00fa a\u00f0 dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lin byrji alltaf og a\u00f0 mikilv\u00e6gar v\u00edsbendingar virki.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Sp.: Hversu oft \u00e6tti \u00e9g a\u00f0 smyrja og \u00fej\u00f3nusta hreyfanlega hluta eins og PTO og 3 punkta festinguna?<\/strong>
                  A: H\u00e1n\u00fdtt v\u00e9lr\u00e6n hlutar \u00feurfa oft smurningu. Til d\u00e6mis \u00e6tti PTO drifskafti\u00f0 og alhli\u00f0a samskeyti a\u00f0 smyrja me\u00f0 h\u00e1g\u00e6\u00f0a fitu eftir nokkrar klukkustundir af notkun (sumir framlei\u00f0endur leggja til \u00e1 8 klukkustunda fresti). 3 punkta festingar lyftiarmar, hallahlekkur og sn\u00faningshringir hafa venjulega fituskerpa (feiti \u00feessi atri\u00f0i um hverja 50 klukkustunda vinnu e\u00f0a samkv\u00e6mt handb\u00f3kinni. Alltaf \u00feegar dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lin er \u00fej\u00f3nusta\u00f0 (bil ol\u00eduskipta), \u00fe\u00e1 er g\u00f3\u00f0 venja a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a og smyrja alla sn\u00faningspunkta, samskeyti og tengingar. Halda \u00feeim smur\u00f0um kemur \u00ed veg fyrir ry\u00f0 og slit, tryggja sl\u00e9tta notkun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Q: Einhver almennar \u00e1bendingar um a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda helstu dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum?<\/strong>
                  A: J\u00e1. Almennt skaltu fylgja vi\u00f0halds\u00e1\u00e6tlun framlei\u00f0anda fyrir v\u00f6kva og s\u00edur. Athuga\u00f0u \u00f6ll v\u00f6kvastig (v\u00e9lol\u00edu, k\u00e6liv\u00f6kva, v\u00f6kvaol\u00edu, g\u00edrkassa v\u00f6kva) fyrir vinnu hvers dags og fylla \u00e1 eftir \u00fe\u00f6rfum. Sko\u00f0a\u00f0u belti og sl\u00f6ngur fyrir sprungur e\u00f0a slit. Her\u00f0i\u00f0 hj\u00f3lhl\u00edfar og athuga\u00f0u dekk\u00fer\u00fdsting reglulega \u201e\u00f3vi\u00f0eigandi uppbl\u00e1sin dekk slitna \u00f3jafnt og geta skemmt \u00e1sa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Fylgstu me\u00f0 \u00f3venjulegum h\u00e1va\u00f0a, titringi e\u00f0a vi\u00f0v\u00f6runarlj\u00f3sum. Hreinsa\u00f0u ofna og k\u00e6la af rusli til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir ofhitnun. Og a\u00f0 lokum skaltu geyma dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lina \u00e1 \u00feurrum sta\u00f0 ef m\u00f6gulegt er og hylja hana e\u00f0a hylja \u00f3varinn m\u00e1lm til a\u00f0 verjast ry\u00f0i. Venjuleg um\u00f6nnun lengir ekki a\u00f0eins endingu hvers \u00edhluta heldur heldur heldur heldur heldur einnig dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9linni \u00feinni tilb\u00fainni fyrir starfi\u00f0 sem fyrir hendi er.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Hvert \u00feessara Q&A svara byggir \u00e1 hagn\u00fdtri \u00feekkingu \u00e1 dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lum og yfirlit yfir \u00edhluti h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skilja hvernig hver hluti virkar og vi\u00f0halda honum vel geta b\u00e6ndur og \u00e1hugamenn um dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar haldi\u00f0 v\u00e9lum s\u00ednum gangandi \u00e1 skilvirkan h\u00e1tt \u00e1rst\u00ed\u00f0 eftir \u00e1rst\u00ed\u00f0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  Uppg\u00f6tva\u00f0u 7 lykilhluta dr\u00e1ttarv\u00e9lar \u00e1 b\u00e6num \u201ev\u00e9l, g\u00edrskiptingu, undirvagn, v\u00f6kvakerfi, afl\u00fattak, stj\u00f3rnt\u00e6ki og rafkerfi.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23563,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[20,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15505","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-farm-tractors","category-tractor"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":8}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/qilumachinery.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15505","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/qilumachinery.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/qilumachinery.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qilumachinery.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qilumachinery.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15505"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/qilumachinery.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15505\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qilumachinery.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23563"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/qilumachinery.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15505"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qilumachinery.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15505"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/qilumachinery.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15505"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}